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Chapter 3: Finite State Machines and Digital Memory

Introduction

Finite State Machines (FSMs) and digital memory are essential for designing complex digital systems. **Finite State Machines** provide a structured method to design sequential logic, while **memory elements** enable the storage and retrieval of information.

This chapter introduces:

  • The fundamentals of FSMs, including **Moore and Mealy models**.
  • State diagram representations and their **Verilog implementation**.
  • Types of **digital memory**, including SRAM, DRAM, ROM, and Flash memory.
  • The role of memory elements in **sequential circuit design**.

Topics Covered

  • Finite State Machines (FSMs)
    • Moore vs. Mealy FSMs
    • State Diagrams and State Tables
    • Designing FSMs Using Flip-Flops
    • FSM Implementation in Verilog
    • Practical Applications of FSMs
  • Digital Memory and Storage
    • Types of Memory: SRAM vs. DRAM
    • Read-Only Memory (ROM) and Flash Memory
    • Memory Addressing and Organization
    • Memory Interfacing and Timing

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the difference between Moore and Mealy FSMs.
  • Design FSMs using state diagrams and implement them in Verilog.
  • Analyze different types of digital memory and their applications.
  • Apply FSMs and memory elements in real-world **digital system design**.

This chapter lays the groundwork for **Verilog and Digital Circuit Design**, which will be explored in the next chapter.